WPF中使用amCharts绘制股票K线图
本想自己用GDI绘图, 通过数据直接绘制一张蜡柱图, 但觉得这样子的功能比较少, 所以到网上搜索一些能画出K线图的控件. 发现DynamicDataDisplay挺好的, 在它的开发截图里也发现可以绘制蜡柱图, 但文档好像做的不是很好, 不知道怎么用它来画, 在寻找它比较好的例子的时候发现有人推荐用amCharts绘制, 所以便去看了一下, 发现挺好用的, 效果如下:
准备工作
先要去这里下载amCharts Stock Chart for WPF并解压, 新建一个WPF Project, 在Toolbox里右击, 选择Choose Items, 然后点击Browse, 找到解压后的文件夹里有一个AmCharts.Windows.Stock.dll, 单击Okay, 准备工作就做好了.
界面中amCharts控件的配置
<ams:StockChart></ams:StockChart>用于在窗口中添加这样一个控件, 先看看这个控件是怎么绑定数据的:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | < ams:StockChart.DataSets > < ams:DataSet Name = "stockSet1" Brush = "#7f8da9" ItemsSource = "{Binding Data}" DateMemberPath = "date" OpenMemberPath = "open" HighMemberPath = "high" LowMemberPath = "low" CloseMemberPath = "close" ValueMemberPath = "close" VolumeMemberPath = "volume" /> </ ams:StockChart.DataSets > |
其中ItemSource中的Data是在程序里产生的, 它是一个StockInfo类的集合. DataMenberPath, HighMenberPath, LowMenberPath, CloseMenberPath, ValueMenberPath, VolumeMenberPath指定的元素都是Data集合中StockInfo的属性. StockInfo类结构如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | public class StockInfo { public DateTime date { get ; set ; } public double open { get ; set ; } public double high { get ; set ; } public double low { get ; set ; } public double close { get ; set ; } public double volume { get ; set ; } } |
<ams:StockChart.Charts></ams:StockChart.Charts>标签用于插入表格, 表格中可以插入多个图形, 用<ams:Chart.Graphs></amd:Chart.Graphs>标签来创建图形. 比如下面的代码就创建了一个图形:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | < ams:StockChart.Charts > < ams:Chart Title = "股票价格" GridHeight = "2*" > < ams:Chart.Graphs > < ams:Graph GraphType = "Candlestick" NegativeBrush = "Green" PositiveBrush = "Red" LegendItemType = "Ohlc" LegendPeriodItemType = "Ohlc" CursorBrush = "Blue" CursorSize = "6" /> </ ams:Chart.Graphs > </ ams:Chart > </ ams:StockChart.Charts > |
注意其中的NegativeBrush和PositiveBrush属性, 如果不指定颜色的话, 就会默认按照美国股市的颜色来显示. 在美国, 股票涨了用绿色表示, 跌了用红色表示, 这与中国是完全相反的, 因此需要指定颜色. LegentItemType和LegendPeriodItemType用于指定鼠标悬停在图形上, 图形上方的信息显示什么内容, 这里我指定的是OHLC, 也就是Open(开盘), High(最高价), Low(最低价), Close(收盘).
除此之外, 在<ams:StockChart.Charts>标签中我们还可以设置其它属性, 比如线条颜色, 标尺颜色, 信息显示颜色, 是否显示日期:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | < ams:Chart.DateTimeAxis > < ams:DateTimeAxis ValuesForeground = "#90000000" StrokeThickness = "0" TickLength = "0" /> </ ams:Chart.DateTimeAxis > < ams:Chart.LeftValueAxis > < ams:ValueAxis ValuesForeground = "#90000000" StrokeThickness = "0" TickLength = "0" /> </ ams:Chart.LeftValueAxis > < ams:Chart.Legend > < ams:Legend PositiveValueForeground = "Red" NegativeValueForeground = "Green" IsDateVisible = "True" /> </ ams:Chart.Legend > |
上面的代码都是产生的K线图, amCharts控件还可以在K线图下面画一个成交量的柱形图或者折线图.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | < ams:Chart Title = "成交量" > < ams:Chart.Graphs > < ams:Graph GraphType = "Column" LegendItemType = "Value" LegendPeriodItemType = "Value" DataField = "Volume" PeriodValue = "Sum" CursorBrush = "Blue" CursorSize = "6" /> </ ams:Chart.Graphs > < ams:Chart.DateTimeAxis > < ams:DateTimeAxis ValuesEnabled = "False" StrokeThickness = "0" /> </ ams:Chart.DateTimeAxis > < ams:Chart.LeftValueAxis > < ams:ValueAxis ValuesForeground = "#90000000" StrokeThickness = "0" TickLength = "0" /> </ ams:Chart.LeftValueAxis > < ams:Chart.Legend > < ams:Legend PositiveValueForeground = "Red" NegativeValueForeground = "Green" /> </ ams:Chart.Legend > </ ams:Chart > </ ams:StockChart.Charts > |
在文章上方截图的右下角有个缩放功能, 这个功能在<ams:StockChart.PeriodSelector></ams:StockChart.PeriodSelector>标签里实现的:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | < ams:StockChart.PeriodSelector > < ams:PeriodSelector CustomPeriodLabelText = "自定义间隔:" PresetPeriodLabelText = "缩放:" Margin = "0,5,0,0" > < ams:PeriodSelector.PresetPeriods > < ams:PresetPeriodButton Interval = "Day" Quantity = "10" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "10天" Content = "10天" /> < ams:PresetPeriodButton Interval = "Month" Quantity = "1" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "1个月" Content = "1月" /> < ams:PresetPeriodButton Interval = "Month" Quantity = "3" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "3个月" Content = "3月" /> < ams:PresetPeriodButton Interval = "Year" Quantity = "1" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "1年" Content = "1年" /> < ams:PresetPeriodButton Interval = "Year" Quantity = "3" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "3年" Content = "3年" /> < ams:PresetPeriodButton Quantity = "NaN" ToolTipService.ToolTip = "所有数据" Content = "最大" /> </ ams:PeriodSelector.PresetPeriods > </ ams:PeriodSelector > </ ams:StockChart.PeriodSelector > |
对数据进行分析
至此, 关于控件的界面方面就是这些内容. 上面提到了绑定了程序里的Data, 这个Data是怎么来的呢? 数据是从国信金太阳网上交易专业版里下载的日线数据, 这个数据格式还是比较有规则的, 第一行表示股票信息, 第二行表示数据类型, 接下来就是数据了, 每个数据之间用\t制表符分隔开.
先看一下Data的定义:
public List<StockInfo> Data { get ; set ; } |
当选择了一个上图所示的格式的文本文件, 程序会对这个文本文件进行解析, 注意从国信金太阳下载的数据编码用的是ANSI编码. 解析步骤如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | private List<StockInfo> LoadStockInfo( string fileName) { using (Stream resourceStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open)) { using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resourceStream, Encoding.GetEncoding( "GB2312" ))) { //读文本中的每一行 var strings = reader.ReadToEnd().Split( new char [] { '\n' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); //获取股票名称 stockName = strings[0].Replace( "\r" , "" ); var res = new List<StockInfo>(strings.Length - 2); //第一行是股票名称, 第二行是类型名称, 第3行才是股票数据 for ( int i = 2; i < strings.Length; i++) { string line = strings[i]; string [] subLines = line.Split( '\t' ); DateTime date = DateTime.Parse(subLines[0]); Double open = Double.Parse(subLines[1]); Double high = Double.Parse(subLines[2]); Double low = Double.Parse(subLines[3]); Double close = Double.Parse(subLines[4]); Double volumn = Double.Parse(subLines[5]); res.Add( new StockInfo { date = date, open = open, high = high, low = low, close = close, volume = volumn }); } return res; } } } |
在程序中有一个按钮用来打开一个"打开文件对话框", 选择了一个文件之后, 调用LoadData方法进行数据的显示:
1 2 3 4 5 | private void LoadData( string path) { Data = LoadStockInfo(path); stockChart.Charts[0].Graphs[0].Title = stockName; stockChart.Charts[1].Graphs[0].Title = stockName; } |